thenotesguru
10-15-2008, 04:14 AM
I.Art Historians
a.Look at the visual world that is beyond museums such as landscape, film, and video.
b.Art Historians help to convey the tone, not just the historical context.
II.Caves, Rock Paintings and Megaliths: prehistoric and Neolithic Art
a.Three (3) major time periods
i.Upper Paleolithic (old stone age)
1.C. 50,000/45,000 - 8,000 BCE
ii.Mesolithic (middle stone age)
1.C. 6,000/4,000 - 2,000 BCE
iii.Neolithic (new stone age)
1.6,000 - 2,000 BCE
b.Rock paintings of Australia date from 75,000/50,000 BCE - present
i.BCE stands for "before the common era"
III.Venus (woman) of Willdendorf - Austria, 25,000 - 21,000 BCE, limestone, 4 3/8 inches high
a.History of time period
i.This is the end of the ice age.
ii.Not a lot of trees but rather large grassy areas of space which were good for animals such as bison and buffalo.
iii.The people are nomadic (wanderers), used tools made of stone, and had access to fire, cooked and smoked meat.
iv.Because the nomads smoked the meat, there was extra time to create art work.
b.Critiques of Venus of Willdendorf
i.During the 19th century an art historian named this piece.
ii.A debate as to the function of Venus.
iii.Is this figure supposed to be representative of women?
iv.Totemic (like a lucky rabbit's ear).
v.Possibly a woman carved the figure as if she was looking at herself from the top down rather than someone carving the figure looking solely at the front.
c.Sculpture In The Round
i.Figure can be viewed as three dimensional as opposed to a relief sculpture which would only represent a flat surface such as a painting.
IV.Paleolithic Caves: Cosquer and Lascaux in France
a.Altamira Cave, Spain, 12,000 BCE
i.Characteristics/Style of drawings inside the caves:
1.Ground pigments (minerals) were used to create the drawings.
2.Common colors are black, red, yellow, brown and occasionally white.
3.There are different degrees of intensity to create shading, which is also called modeling.
4.The bison follow the shape of the caves. (concavities and convex surfaces)
5.The bison drawings are life size. (6 x 5 ft)
6.Figure ? Ground concept
a.The figures overlap and there is a sense that the figures are grounded in the landscape.
b.Cosquer Cave, France, 25,000 BCE
i.The cave is underwater and was found by a diver.
ii.On the walls are jellyfish and extinct figures that were painted onto black stalagmites.
iii.Methods of how figures were produced:
1.People chewed the pigment and spit it onto the surface while using their hand as a guide; pigment was then stored in bones.
2.Ocher (red pigment) is naturally occurring on the Iberian Peninsula and connotes spiritual art.
3.Woman most likely created these figures within the walls.
a.Historians know this because they studied the size of the hands as well as the footprints.
c.Halls of the Running Bulls, Lascaux France, 15,000 - 13,000 BCE, paint on limestone rock
i.Recently discovered in 1940
ii.Characteristics
1.Low ceilings
2.People painted standing.
3.The pictures extend for more than a mile within the cave indicating an ongoing process.
iii.One bull within the cave measured 13-16 ft.
iv.Chinese Horse:
1.Embodies fertility due to its large belly
2.Wheat Shaft or arrows appear around the Chinese horse.
V.Three (3) main theories of Cave Paintings
a.Mimetic Scheme
i.That which imitate creates a likeness of the real world; "what you see is what you see."
b.Sympathetic Magic
i."What you see is what you have."
ii.Control/power over the animal such as a voodoo doll
1.Reasoning: If I can stab the horse in the cave, I can stab the horse in real life, which will provide food.
iii.Shaman
1.A healer or medicine man involved with the high powers.
c.Structuralist
i."What you see is something entirely different than what it is."
ii.Animals serve a symbolic function
1.Dog = loyalty
2.Chinese horse = fertility
VI.Handprints, Pech-Merle, Dordogne (near Lausx)
VII.Kimberly, Australia - Cloud spirit figure
a.History of the culture:
i.Very isolated continent dating back to 174,000 BCE
ii.The use of Ocher crayon is still used today by the Aborigines who are a hunting and gathering society.
b.Characteristics
i.Concept of dreaming
1.Mythological existence, involved the Shaman.
ii.Similar pigment colors used to create the figures.
VIII.Rock Painting, Kakadue National Park
a.Petrogliths found outside the cave on the rocks.
i.Many of these are very faded due to weathering and not being protected by the cave.
b.Mimi Hunters, Kakadue National Park, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Austria
i.A rock painting in red ocher
ii.Mimis are trickster figures from the supernatural; they were taller than humans and lighter in weight. They could be blown away by the wind.
iii.The mimis tried to trick the people into the cave to eat the food or sleep with their woman. If the mimis were successful, you would no longer be human.
c.Kangaroo with lightening man, Nourlangie Rock, Kakadue Park
i.The animals are depicted in a skeleton style and the humans appear abstract.
ii.The man is surrounded by a halo of electric current.
iii.Zoomorphic image: human with animal-like features. (animals were sacred)
iv.Polychrome: multi-colored
d.Professor Mazow read a selection from the text about Dream time/lightening man.
IX.Sharan Rock Painting, Tassili Algena, 5th - 4th millennium BCE
a.Transition of nomadic to a farming community
X.Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain England, 2800 - 1500 BCE, diameter 97 ft, height is 13 ft. 6 in.
a.Culture:
i.Agricultural society, Neolithic period
b.Theory: The builders dug holes in the ground, rolled the stones towards the holes and then used a wedge to slip the stones upright into the slots
c.Post and Lintel Construction
i.Gave stability to the structure
ii.The posts are vertical; lintel is horizontal
d.Aubrey holes
i.Filled with cremated human remains and crushed stones
e.The stones marked movement of the sunrise, moonrise, sunset, etc
i.Indicated as a calendar (winter solstice)
ii.It is a misunderstanding that this was used for the summer solstice.
a.Look at the visual world that is beyond museums such as landscape, film, and video.
b.Art Historians help to convey the tone, not just the historical context.
II.Caves, Rock Paintings and Megaliths: prehistoric and Neolithic Art
a.Three (3) major time periods
i.Upper Paleolithic (old stone age)
1.C. 50,000/45,000 - 8,000 BCE
ii.Mesolithic (middle stone age)
1.C. 6,000/4,000 - 2,000 BCE
iii.Neolithic (new stone age)
1.6,000 - 2,000 BCE
b.Rock paintings of Australia date from 75,000/50,000 BCE - present
i.BCE stands for "before the common era"
III.Venus (woman) of Willdendorf - Austria, 25,000 - 21,000 BCE, limestone, 4 3/8 inches high
a.History of time period
i.This is the end of the ice age.
ii.Not a lot of trees but rather large grassy areas of space which were good for animals such as bison and buffalo.
iii.The people are nomadic (wanderers), used tools made of stone, and had access to fire, cooked and smoked meat.
iv.Because the nomads smoked the meat, there was extra time to create art work.
b.Critiques of Venus of Willdendorf
i.During the 19th century an art historian named this piece.
ii.A debate as to the function of Venus.
iii.Is this figure supposed to be representative of women?
iv.Totemic (like a lucky rabbit's ear).
v.Possibly a woman carved the figure as if she was looking at herself from the top down rather than someone carving the figure looking solely at the front.
c.Sculpture In The Round
i.Figure can be viewed as three dimensional as opposed to a relief sculpture which would only represent a flat surface such as a painting.
IV.Paleolithic Caves: Cosquer and Lascaux in France
a.Altamira Cave, Spain, 12,000 BCE
i.Characteristics/Style of drawings inside the caves:
1.Ground pigments (minerals) were used to create the drawings.
2.Common colors are black, red, yellow, brown and occasionally white.
3.There are different degrees of intensity to create shading, which is also called modeling.
4.The bison follow the shape of the caves. (concavities and convex surfaces)
5.The bison drawings are life size. (6 x 5 ft)
6.Figure ? Ground concept
a.The figures overlap and there is a sense that the figures are grounded in the landscape.
b.Cosquer Cave, France, 25,000 BCE
i.The cave is underwater and was found by a diver.
ii.On the walls are jellyfish and extinct figures that were painted onto black stalagmites.
iii.Methods of how figures were produced:
1.People chewed the pigment and spit it onto the surface while using their hand as a guide; pigment was then stored in bones.
2.Ocher (red pigment) is naturally occurring on the Iberian Peninsula and connotes spiritual art.
3.Woman most likely created these figures within the walls.
a.Historians know this because they studied the size of the hands as well as the footprints.
c.Halls of the Running Bulls, Lascaux France, 15,000 - 13,000 BCE, paint on limestone rock
i.Recently discovered in 1940
ii.Characteristics
1.Low ceilings
2.People painted standing.
3.The pictures extend for more than a mile within the cave indicating an ongoing process.
iii.One bull within the cave measured 13-16 ft.
iv.Chinese Horse:
1.Embodies fertility due to its large belly
2.Wheat Shaft or arrows appear around the Chinese horse.
V.Three (3) main theories of Cave Paintings
a.Mimetic Scheme
i.That which imitate creates a likeness of the real world; "what you see is what you see."
b.Sympathetic Magic
i."What you see is what you have."
ii.Control/power over the animal such as a voodoo doll
1.Reasoning: If I can stab the horse in the cave, I can stab the horse in real life, which will provide food.
iii.Shaman
1.A healer or medicine man involved with the high powers.
c.Structuralist
i."What you see is something entirely different than what it is."
ii.Animals serve a symbolic function
1.Dog = loyalty
2.Chinese horse = fertility
VI.Handprints, Pech-Merle, Dordogne (near Lausx)
VII.Kimberly, Australia - Cloud spirit figure
a.History of the culture:
i.Very isolated continent dating back to 174,000 BCE
ii.The use of Ocher crayon is still used today by the Aborigines who are a hunting and gathering society.
b.Characteristics
i.Concept of dreaming
1.Mythological existence, involved the Shaman.
ii.Similar pigment colors used to create the figures.
VIII.Rock Painting, Kakadue National Park
a.Petrogliths found outside the cave on the rocks.
i.Many of these are very faded due to weathering and not being protected by the cave.
b.Mimi Hunters, Kakadue National Park, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Austria
i.A rock painting in red ocher
ii.Mimis are trickster figures from the supernatural; they were taller than humans and lighter in weight. They could be blown away by the wind.
iii.The mimis tried to trick the people into the cave to eat the food or sleep with their woman. If the mimis were successful, you would no longer be human.
c.Kangaroo with lightening man, Nourlangie Rock, Kakadue Park
i.The animals are depicted in a skeleton style and the humans appear abstract.
ii.The man is surrounded by a halo of electric current.
iii.Zoomorphic image: human with animal-like features. (animals were sacred)
iv.Polychrome: multi-colored
d.Professor Mazow read a selection from the text about Dream time/lightening man.
IX.Sharan Rock Painting, Tassili Algena, 5th - 4th millennium BCE
a.Transition of nomadic to a farming community
X.Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain England, 2800 - 1500 BCE, diameter 97 ft, height is 13 ft. 6 in.
a.Culture:
i.Agricultural society, Neolithic period
b.Theory: The builders dug holes in the ground, rolled the stones towards the holes and then used a wedge to slip the stones upright into the slots
c.Post and Lintel Construction
i.Gave stability to the structure
ii.The posts are vertical; lintel is horizontal
d.Aubrey holes
i.Filled with cremated human remains and crushed stones
e.The stones marked movement of the sunrise, moonrise, sunset, etc
i.Indicated as a calendar (winter solstice)
ii.It is a misunderstanding that this was used for the summer solstice.